Indirect Fire

Each company gets it's own FDC too.

The company fire direction center allows the whole company to fire together on one target.

Then each battalion has a fire direction center too.

Most communication is done by field phone, but communication with the forward observers...

If often done by radio, so they can be mobile.

Artillery

Artillery projectiles for my Red Army. 

Artillery crew container.

Zvezda medium artillery.

With Pegasus soldier for size.

Russian Artillery Wargame Rules and Playing Aids

Long range radio antenna.  It's a Roco antenna with guide lines and a little base.

It's for a regimental command post.

Ammo dump for Russian artillery battery Russian D for Dog.

Each battery needs supplies.

Small and tidy command post.

Radios and batteries.

Desk top and unit flag.

Special and Ambush Fire Rules

V. SPECIAL FIRE

Challenge Fire

            Challenge fire is taken when a target moves from one concealed position to another.  The firer must be stationary for one or more turns, in order to take challenge fire. The fire is taken 10% lower than normal.  The target may fire back, even if he is destroyed, but must reduce his chance to hit by 20%.  If the target did not have its weapon facing the firer, then he may not fire.  If a unit takes challenge fire it may not fire until next turn.

            Challenge Fire is designed to fire at a specific location, such as a gap in dragons’ teeth or down a street at traffic passing though an intersection.  The firer must not move, or even turn his turret, for one or more turns.  If the first tank coming through the gap in the dragons’ teeth is destroyed, then the rest of the column must stop.

Ambush Fire

            Ambush Fire occurs when the firer is concealed, and did not move or fire during the previous turn and did not move or take Challenge Fire during the current turn.  The maximum range of Ambush Fire is 1250m.  Ambush Fire reveals a 250m wide area centered on the firer, for infantry and a 1250m wide area centered on the firer for AT guns, and ATGM.  All forces within that area are revealed.  ATGMs firing in AMBUSH hit immediately, if range is less than 1250m. 

            Casualties of Ambush Fire are removed immediately, prior to return fire taking place.  Targets that are not destroyed by Ambush Fire may conduct return fire at the ambusher.  Since the return fire is at a target that was concealed the return fire is 10% lower than normal.  After the return fire takes place, surviving members of the ambush party may immediately retreat, up to 50m away from the enemy, except through impassable terrain.

Ambush Close Combat

            Ambush Close Combat occurs when the attacker is concealed, and makes a surprise attack from cover in a dash out of cover to make a close combat attack.  It is often done by animals that are hunting game unawares or by troops dashing out of cover to plant a mine on an enemy armored vehicle.

            Ambush close combat occurs when the attacker is concealed, and did not move or fire during the previous turn and did not move or close combat during the current turn.  The maximum range of Ambush Close combat is one half running distance for the attacker.  For a human on smooth open dry terrain that is 50m.  Only Carnivores and Omnivores, including people, may attack using Ambush Close combat.

            Casualties of Ambush Close combat are removed immediately, prior to return close combat taking place.  Targets that are not destroyed by Ambush Close combat may conduct a defensive close combat against the ambusher at a 10% reduction in strength due to surprise.  After the close combat takes place, surviving members of the ambush party may immediately retreat up to 50m away from the enemy, except in impassable terrain.

            If the attacker fails to make physical contact with their target then the attacker is simply left out in the open without a close combat taking place and the attacker can’t move until next turn and is subject to fire during this turn in the normal fire phase, and the fire is not subject to a 10% reduction because the defender is not surprised.

Artillery Map Fire Rules

Artillery Map Fire

            Map fire may be directed at any location but must be designated five turns in advance.  Once designated it must be fired and may not be changed or stopped.  Exception- it may be stopped by a flare signal or radio communication only if their own map fire artillery is firing upon friendly forces and that the signal was designated along with the map fire instructions.  Map fire uses the D chart.

            Pre-planned or pre-registered fires are set up before the game.  They are named and plotted on a map like a minefield.

Map Fire Format

            Note the exact location of the aiming point.  Write down the number and caliber of the guns that will be firing.  Designate the specific battery that will be firing.  The duration of the firing, in game turns.  The flare or radio signal to stop the firing.

Time on Target Missions

            Time on target missions are multiple batteries firing all at the same target at the same time under the direction of one fire control center.  Time on Target missions are fired using only three ranging rounds to represent all batteries firing the mission.  All batteries firing the mission must be designated one turn in advance, lay dormant for one turn and t hen fire the Time on Target mission.  All batteries must fire even if the target is destroyed by the first salvo.  Only US Army units can fire Time on Target missions from 1941 until 1950 when all nations may fire them.

Smooth Bore Artillery

            Smooth bore artillery may fire at more than one enemy unit.  All other firing rules are still in use.  After you have fired normally at the nearest enemy unit any other enemy units that are still within the range arc same elevation, and not blocked by terrain buildings, fortifications may be fired on also as the solid shot rolls though the unit to the limit of its range or until it hits something solid.

            Measure the spread template to the maximum range of the gun.  The grape shot fires through all formations.  Ball shot flies along the ground, bouncing through units.

Maximum effective range in yards:

12 pounder howitzer                  1,000

6 & 12 pounder gun                   1,250

13 inch siege mortar                 3,500

10 pounder Parrott rifle              5,000

10 inch Columbiad siege gun     5,500

30 pounder Parrott rifle              8,500

12 pounder Whitworth rifle         9,000

Artillery Indirect Fire Wargaming Rules

IV. ARTILLERY INDIRECT FIRE

Artillery Counter Battery Fire

            Designate target during spotting rounds impact phase.  Use the D chart the first time the guns are fired.  Sound and flash ranging detection equipment or artillery radars are used to improve the chance to hit the target.  If the target does not move and fires from the same location the chance to hit is increased.  Target does not have to be visible to the battery forward observer.  An on target result is a hit on one gun.

Technology                               First turn         Second turn     Third turn

Sound & Flash Ranging              D chart             C chart             B chart

Artillery Radars

Tube technology                        C chart             B chart             A chart

Transistor Technology               B chart             A chart

Integrated Circuits                      A chart

Computer Chips                         A chart

Direct Fire High Explosive

Designating the target begins direct fire high explosive.  Then roll the arrow die.  Use the normal direct fire anti-tank chance to hit.   Arrow results move the impact point in the direction of the arrow the numbers of inches shown on the arrow die.

Observed Indirect Fire

Placing three blue cotton balls per firing battery in the Artillery Spotting Rounds Impact Phase to simulate spotting rounds begins artillery indirect fire.  All three of these spotting rounds must be within 1250m of each other.   Two of these cotton balls will be dummies.  The third will be the intended point of impact of the number one round of the salvo.  All three of these cotton balls must be placed where a friendly observer can see them.  The identity of the two dummy rounds remains undisclosed until the Artillery Indirect Fire Phase.  Roll both dice and if the result is equal to or less than the on target percentage than the salvo is a hit.  Orient the artillery template in the direction of the arrow, with the 1^st round at the intended point of impact.  If the salvo was not on target move the template in the direction of the arrow die the number of inches determined by the indirect fire table.

            Troops with signaling devices including signal flags, field telephones, or radios, may call for artillery.  Artillery observers firing for the first time and observing for their assigned battery use the B chart.  Once an ON target result has been obtained, subsequent shots at the same target, will be on the A chart.

Bomb & Indirect Fire

Chart                A          B          C             D

ON Target        65%     50%     35%        20%

Distance Die     D6        D6 X 2  D6 X 3     D6 X 3

            Artillery spotters can observe artillery fire exclusively for their assigned battery or batteries.  Each artillery battery is assigned one artillery observer.  Each artillery battalion is assigned an additional observer who may spot artillery for any of the batteries in his battalion.  Each additional higher level unit is assigned an additional artillery observer who may spot for all artillery within his organization.

            An observer firing artillery for any other battery will begin on the C chart and move to the B chart for second and subsequent shots at the same target until an ON result has been obtained.  Any subsequent shots at the same target will use the A chart.  A non-artillery observer calling for fire will begin on the D chart and move to the C chart for second and subsequent shots at the same target.  If the observer changes the point of impact then it is considered a first shot at a new target and begins again on the appropriate chart for a first shot.

            Pre-planned fires are designated before the battle.  They are specific locations, named and marked on the map, which may be called in at any time by any artillery observer, or any unit commander.  Pre-planned fires do not require a smoke puff to be laid down, but must be told to the Bunkermeister during the artillery spotting phase.  These fires are placed using the B chart.

            They are registered on target before a battle.  They are laid out like a minefield on various size cards according to the size of the gun. They are named and called for during the Artillery Impact Phase.

            To conduct a rolling barrage the observer must first obtain an ON target result on the A chart.  The observer may then adjust fire in five-inch increments without losing the second and subsequent shot advantage.  Artillery range may be adjusted plus/minus 50m if it is observed fire that is ON target and on the A chart.  Place one artillery spotting round on target and the others no more that 50m away.

            To determine damage, select the artillery template for the weapon firing.  For conventional artillery, there will be a red blast marker the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the gun tube.  Within the red blast marker will be an orange blast marker one half of the diameter of the gun tube.  Inside the orange blast marker will be a yellow blast marker one quarter of the diameter of the gun tube.  For example, a 200mm howitzer would have a red blast marker 200mm across and an inner orange blast marker 100mm across and a second inner yellow blast marker 50mm across.  Within the red blast marker infantry and soft skin targets in the open are destroyed.  Within the orange blast marker all but closed topped, fully tracked armored vehicles are destroyed.  Within the yellow blast marker all targets are destroyed unless the armor penetration of the weapon is not sufficient to penetrate the targets armor.

            The crater will be equal in diameter to 50% of the caliber of the gun, so the crater will be the same size as the orange blast marker for ground burst artillery.  Airburst artillery will create a crater equal in diameter to 25% of the diameter of the shell.  Airburst artillery blasts have only a light HE effect equal to that of the red blast diameter.  HE direct fire has only a 45-degree arc to each side of forward 90 degrees total that is one half size of the AT fire total.  No indirect fire at less than 50 meters.

            During regular artillery fire, dust will obscure the impact area until the end of the turn for an area the same size as the template, until the beginning of the Artillery Spotting Rounds phase.

            Smoke fired from artillery and direct fire weapons is 25mm long per 25mm of gun caliber, per tube.  Smoke grows by that same amount each turn in the direction of the wind.  Smoke will grow for three turns.  Smoke pots/generators produce 50m of smoke per turn for up to 250m length.  Smoke is too high to see over except for an aircraft at medium level or above.  Illumination rounds light up the outside ring area for one turn, and are removed at the beginning of the next Artillery Rounds Impact phase.

            All artillery to be considered a battery must have three or more guns; have an FDC, and an ammo dump.  Ammo dump must be within 100m of the guns.  An ammo dump can be a fixed position or a truck or armored vehicle for self propelled artillery.  If the ammo dump is destroyed, then guns only fire once every other turn due to low ammunition.  All guns must be within 10m of each other if there is only voice communication between guns, 50m of each other if wire or radio is used.  A six-gun battery could be as much as 1250m across if wire or radio is used.

            The artillery template shows the locations for artillery fire from batteries of up to eight-guns.  If fewer guns are firing, use the locations for the guns that are firing, unless only one gun is shooting indirect fire; then shot lands on the #3 position.  If only two guns are shooting indirect fire, the shots land on the #2 and #3 positions.

            A fire direction center must be located within 1250m of the center of the battery if radio or wire is used for communication.  The FDC must be within 50m if only voice is used.  If there is no FDC available then artillery may only fire over open sights as separate guns, or on the D chart with the battery observer only, or map fire.

            Surface to surface missile fire is conducted as map fire, or a spotter may call it in.  No spotting rounds are fired the missile is simply launched.  Spotted missile fire is fired like map fire, except it is written only three turns in advance.

Wire Communications

            Wire communications require a thread strung along the route.  This allows communications without interruptions by jamming or interception.  Wire may be broken by artillery fire.  Wire may be on the surface or underground.  The orange blast marker will break surface wires; the ring will break buried wire.

            To repair wire, a signal team must start at one terminal of the line and follow the wire to the break.  The repair team may not drive directly to the break.   It takes one turn to repair a surface break, two turns to repair an underground break.  Wire on a pole counts as surface wire.  Tracked vehicles driving over it will cut wire lying on the ground automatically.  There will be a 50% chance that wires laying on the surface of the ground will be cut by wheeled vehicles driving over it.

                                                                                                        

MORTARS

Caliber             Range

60 mm              1,500 m

81 mm              2,500 m

107 mm, 4.2"    3,500 m

120 mm            4,500 m